Concurrent Ontology and the Extensional Conception of Attribute

Vaughan R. Pratt
Stanford University
January 2009

Abstract

By analogy with the extension of a type as the set of individuals of that type, we define the extension of an attribute as the set of states of an observer of that attribute, observing concurrently with observers of other attributes. The attribute-theoretic counterpart of an operation mapping individuals of one type to individuals of another is a dependency mapping states of one attribute to states of another. We integrate attributes with types via a symmetric but not self-dual framework of disheaves amounting to a type-theoretic notion of Chu space over a family of sets of qualia doubly indexed by type and attribute, for example the set of possible colors of a ball or heights of buildings. We extend the sheaf-theoretic basis for type theory to a notion of disheaf on a profunctor, and give a universal representation of disheaves as dilimits, as an extension of the representation of presheaves as colimits. Applications for this framework include the Web Ontology Language OWL, UML, relational databases, medical information systems, geographic databases, encyclopedias, and other data-intensive areas standing to benefit from a precise ontological framework coherently accommodating types and attributes.

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